Epidemiological occupational studies in rural areas: methodological challenges

Abstract Introduction: agricultural production in Brazil has grown recent decades, and rural workers are exposed to many occupational risks. Epidemiological studies on the topic remain limited, especially regarding methodological complexity. Objectives: present main challenges carrying out epidemiological areas. Methods: considerations presented this article based literature experience of authors as researchers thematic. Results: we approached concepts about target population, living working place, classification, context characterization. We discussed sampling strategies, characterization economic indicators, including mechanization level, pesticide exposure, such chemical types, forms, frequency poisonings, availability use personal protective equipment. described necessary care with biological samples aspects involving interviewers, training, field work, clinical logistical issues. Conclusion: despite challenges, adequate planning enables successful research studies, great complexity high scientific health-work relationship activity.